Experiencing low GPU performance can be frustrating, especially when your gaming experience or professional workload is significantly impacted.

1. Outdated or Incorrect Drivers

Drivers are essential for your GPU to communicate effectively with your operating system and applications. Outdated or incorrect drivers can lead to poor performance.

Regularly update your GPU drivers through the manufacturer’s official website (NVIDIA, AMD, or Intel). Use tools like GeForce Experience for NVIDIA or Radeon Software for AMD to simplify the update process.

2. Overheating (Thermal Throttling)

GPUs generate a lot of heat, and if they overheat, they will throttle performance to prevent damage. Overheating can be caused by inadequate cooling, dust buildup, or poor airflow in your case.

Here are a few suggestions:

  • Clean your GPU and case regularly to remove dust.
  • Ensure your case has proper airflow optimization.
  • Consider upgrading your cooling system or adding more case fans.
  • Monitor temperatures with software like MSI Afterburner or HWMonitor.

3. Power Supply Issues

A power supply unit (PSU) that cannot provide adequate power can cause your GPU to underperform or even fail to run properly.

Ensure your PSU meets the power requirements of your GPU. Use a power supply wattage calculator to determine if your PSU is sufficient. If necessary, upgrade to a higher wattage PSU.

4. Background Processes

Background processes and applications can consume valuable system resources, leaving less for your GPU to utilize.

  1. Close unnecessary background applications.
  2. Use Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc) to identify resource-hogging processes.
  3. Disable startup programs that are not needed.

5. Bottlenecking

A bottleneck occurs when one component of your system (such as the CPU) limits the performance of another component (like the GPU). This can prevent your GPU from reaching its full potential.

  • Upgrade other system components like the CPU or RAM.
  • Overclock your CPU if possible and if you have adequate cooling.
  • Ensure your motherboard and other hardware are compatible and not outdated.

6. Incorrect Settings

Incorrect game or application settings can lead to low GPU performance. This includes settings within the game as well as within the GPU control panel.

  • Adjust in-game settings to match your GPU’s capabilities.
  • Optimize settings in the NVIDIA Control Panel or AMD Radeon Settings.
  • Use performance optimization tools provided by the GPU manufacturer.

7. Incorrect BIOS Settings

BIOS settings play a crucial role in the performance of your GPU. Incorrect settings, such as the wrong PCIe slot configuration or power management settings, can cause underperformance.

Enter your BIOS/UEFI settings during boot and ensure your GPU is configured correctly. Look for settings related to PCIe slot speed (ensure it’s set to x16), and disable any power-saving features that might throttle performance. If you’re unsure, you can reset the BIOS to its default settings.

8. Overclocking Instability

While overclocking can boost GPU performance, it can also lead to instability if not done correctly. Overclocking can cause crashes, glitches, or even cause the GPU to throttle itself to protect from damage.

If you’ve overclocked your GPU, consider reducing the clock speeds or voltage. Use tools like MSI Afterburner to find a stable overclock. If problems persist, revert to the default settings to see if performance stabilizes.

9. Malware or Viruses

Malware or viruses can significantly impact system performance, including your GPU.

  1. Run a full system scan with a reliable antivirus program.
  2. Remove any detected threats.
  3. Consider using additional malware removal tools.

10. Software / Operating System Issues

Bugs in the operating system, drivers, or applications can lead to performance issues.

Issues within your operating system, such as corrupted files, outdated OS versions, or incompatible software, can impact GPU performance.

  • Keep your operating system up to date with the latest patches and updates. If you suspect OS corruption, consider performing a clean reinstall of your OS. Ensure that all system drivers, not just GPU drivers, are updated.
  • Report persistent issues to the software developers.

11. Insufficient System Memory

If your system does not have enough RAM, it can cause performance issues for your GPU, especially in memory-intensive tasks.

  • Upgrade your system RAM.
  • Ensure you have enough free RAM by closing unnecessary applications.

12. Hardware Issues

Physical damage or defects in the GPU itself can cause low performance.

  • Inspect your GPU for any visible damage.
  • Test your GPU in another system to determine if it is the source of the problem.
  • Contact the manufacturer for warranty support or consider replacing the GPU.

13. PCIe Slot Issues

The PCIe slot in which your GPU is installed can affect its performance. If the GPU is not seated properly or if the slot is faulty, it may not perform optimally.

Ensure your GPU is properly seated in the PCIe slot. If possible, test the GPU in a different slot or on another motherboard to rule out slot-related issues.

Conclusion

Identifying the cause of low GPU performance can be challenging, but systematically addressing each potential issue can help you find a solution. Regular maintenance, keeping software up-to-date, and ensuring your hardware components are compatible and functioning correctly are key to maintaining optimal GPU performance.

Avatar for Marlo Strydom

Marlo, the founder of Computer Info Bits, has over 20 years of IT expertise. He's passionate about technology and aims to demystify it. Since 2019, he's been writing articles covering essential computer tips to complex hardware discussions, helping readers better understand and use their technology. Marlo stays up-to-date with the latest tech developments through extensive research and interaction.